What two components make up lactose?

Lactose is a disaccharide sugar composed of two simple sugars, or monosaccharides. In the case of lactose, these monosaccharides are glucose and galactose. When lactose is digested, it is broken down into these two components, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Galactose is a sugar that is found in milk and dairy products, and it bonds with glucose to form lactose. This specific combination of glucose and galactose is what defines lactose as a unique sugar. Understanding this composition is essential, especially in dietary contexts where lactose intolerance may be a consideration, as individuals with this condition lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down lactose into its constituent sugars.

As a result, identifying that glucose and galactose are the components of lactose underscores both its biochemical nature and its implications for nutrition and digestive health.