What mechanism does leptin use to signal satiety?

Leptin is a hormone primarily produced by adipose (fat) tissue that plays a significant role in regulating energy balance and appetite. When fat stores increase, leptin levels rise, signaling to the brain that the body has sufficient energy reserves. This mechanism promotes a feeling of satiety and helps to reduce appetite, thus playing a crucial role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure.

By signaling satiety, leptin acts on the hypothalamus, a region in the brain responsible for managing hunger and energy balance. As leptin levels increase, it can decrease the hunger-promoting signals and food intake, while simultaneously increasing energy expenditure. This integrated response helps maintain body weight and prevents excessive weight gain.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the mechanism of leptin in signaling satiety. Leptin does not primarily inhibit insulin production; rather, it can influence insulin sensitivity. It does not promote hunger signals, which is the opposite of its function. Additionally, leptin does not increase ghrelin levels; in fact, ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" and has opposing effects to leptin.

Understanding leptin's role in regulating energy metabolism and appetite provides critical insight into how the body maintains weight and